Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 12, Pages 1348-+Publisher
AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.3487
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Funding
- Janssen Oncology
- Janssen Diagnostics
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) Specialized Programs of Research Excellence in Prostate Cancer Grant [P50 CA92629]
- Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program [PC051382]
- Commonwealth Foundation for Cancer Research
- MSKCC Experimental Therapeutics Center
- Starr Cancer Consortium
- Medical Research Council Biomarkers grant
- Prostate Cancer UK
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre grant
- Biomedical Research Centre
- Prostate Cancer Foundation
- Cancer Research UK [13239] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0601308] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [CL-2008-22-001] Funding Source: researchfish
- Prostate Cancer UK [PG12-49] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0601308] Funding Source: UKRI
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Purpose Trials in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) need new clinical end points that are valid surrogates for survival. We evaluated circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration as a surrogate outcome measure. Patients and Methods Examining CTCs alone and in combination with other biomarkers as a surrogate for overall survival was a secondary objective of COU-AA-301, a multinational, randomized, double-blind phase III trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in patients with metastatic CRPC previously treated with docetaxel. The biomarkers were measured at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks, with 12 weeks being the primary measure of interest. The Prentice criteria were applied to test candidate biomarkers as surrogates for overall survival at the individual-patient level. Results A biomarker panel using CTC count and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was shown to satisfy the four Prentice criteria for individual-level surrogacy. Twelve-week surrogate biomarker data were available for 711 patients. The abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and prednisone-alone groups demonstrated a significant survival difference (P = .034); surrogate distribution at 12 weeks differed by treatment (P < .001); the discriminatory power of the surrogate to predict mortality was high (weighted c-index, 0.81); and adding the surrogate to the model eliminated the treatment effect on survival. Overall, 2-year survival of patients with CTCs < 5 (low risk) versus patients with CTCs 5 cells/7.5 mL of blood and LDH > 250 U/L (high risk) at 12 weeks was 46% and 2%, respectively. Conclusion A biomarker panel containing CTC number and LDH level was shown to be a surrogate for survival at the individual-patient level in this trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus prednisone alone for patients with metastatic CRPC. Additional trials are ongoing to validate the findings. (C) 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
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