Journal
DERMATOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Volume 2012, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2012/354191
Keywords
-
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [S0801055]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Mitsui Co. Ltd
- Environment Fund [R08C097]
- Tokyo Biochemical Research Foundation (TBRF)
- Research Foundation from the Institute of Science, and Technology Research in Chubu University
- Naito Foundation Natural Science Scholarship
- Chubu University
- [20406003]
- [23650241]
- [22791041]
- [22791092]
- [18790738]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22700457] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. Melanomagenesis is initially triggered by environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV), which induces genetic/epigenetic alterations in the chromosomes of melanocytes. In human melanomas, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and the PI3K/PTEN/AKT (AKT) signaling pathways are two major signaling pathways and are constitutively activated through genetic alterations. Mutations of RAF, RAS, and PTEN contribute to antiapoptosis, abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion for melanoma development and progression. To find better approaches to therapies for patients, understanding these MAPK and AKT signaling mechanisms of melanoma development and progression is important. Here, we review MAPK and AKT signaling networks associated with melanoma development and progression.
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