Journal
FUTURE CARDIOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 89-103Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/FCA.12.71
Keywords
abdominal aortic aneurysm; cathepsins; cystatin C; matrix metalloproteinase; tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81070251, 81100222, 81270389]
- United States National Institutes of Health [HL60942, HL81090, HL88547]
- American Heart Association [0840118N]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL088547, R01HL081090, R01HL060942] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Both cysteine protease cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in humans and animals. Blood and aortic tissues from humans or animals with AAAs contain much higher levels of these proteases, and often lower levels of their endogenous inhibitors, than do blood and aortic tissues from healthy subjects. Protease- and protease inhibitor-deficient mice and synthetic protease inhibitors have affirmed that cysteinyl cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases both participate directly in AAA development in several experimental model systems. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how proteases contribute to the pathogenesis of AAA, and discuss whether proteases or their inhibitors may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for this common human arterial disease.
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