Journal
FRONTIERS IN INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00002
Keywords
emotion; motivation; frontal cortex; lateralization; localization
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Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH39628, MH61358, ROI MH65429, P50 MH079485, F31 MH068123, T32 MH14257, T32 MH19554]
- National Institute of Drug Abuse [R21 DA141 11]
- Department of Psychology
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Zukunftskolleg of the University of Konstanz
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The appeal of simple, sweeping portraits of large-scale brain mechanisms relevant to psychological phenomena competes with a rich, complex research base. As a prominent example, two views of frontal brain organization have emphasized dichotomous lateralization as a function of either emotional valence (positive/negative) or approach/avoidance motivation. Compelling findings support each. The literature has struggled to choose between them for three decades, without success. Both views are proving untenable as comprehensive models. Evidence of other frontal lateralizations, involving distinctions among dimensions of depression and anxiety, make a dichotomous view even more problematic. Recent evidence indicates that positive valence and approach motivation are associated with different areas in the left-hemisphere. Findings that appear contradictory at the level of frontal lobes as the units of analysis can be accommodated because hemodynamic and electromagnetic neuroimaging studies suggest considerable functional differentiation, in specialization and activation, of subregions of frontal cortex, including their connectivity to each other and to other regions. Such findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of functional localization that accommodates aspects of multiple theoretical perspectives.
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