Journal
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-528
Keywords
Colonization; Enterobacteriaceae; ESBL; Traveller; South Asia
Categories
Funding
- Investigator-Initiated Studies Programm of MSD
- Stiftung Forschung Infektionskrankheiten [42]
- University Hospital Basel
- Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft Basel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern
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Background: International travel contributes to the worldwide spread of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Rates of travel-related faecal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae vary for different destinations. Especially travellers returning from the Indian subcontinent show high colonization rates. So far, nothing is known about region-specific risk factors for becoming colonized. Methods: An observational prospective multicentre cohort study investigated travellers to South Asia. Before and after travelling, rectal swabs were screened for third-generation cephalosporin-and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Participants completed questionnaires to identify risk factors for becoming colonized. Covariates were assessed univariately, followed by a multivariate regression. Results: Hundred and seventy persons were enrolled, the largest data set on travellers to the Indian subcontinent so far. The acquired colonization rate with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli overall was 69.4% (95% CI 62.1-75.9%), being highest in travellers returning from India (86.8%; 95% CI 78.5-95.0%) and lowest in travellers returning from Sri Lanka (34.7%; 95% CI 22.9-48.7%). Associated risk factors were travel destination, length of stay, visiting friends and relatives, and eating ice cream and pastry. Conclusions: High colonization rates with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were found in travellers returning from South Asia. Though risk factors were identified, a more common source, i.e. environmental, appears to better explain the high colonization rates.
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