Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
Volume 44, Issue 2, Pages 407-419Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713000767
Keywords
Interaction; social adversity; psychosis; mediation
Categories
Funding
- UK Medical Research Council
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health award
- Medical Research Council [G0500817]
- Wellcome Trust [WT087417]
- European Union [European Community] [HEALTH-F2-2009-241909]
- Medical Research Council [G0001354B, G1000183B, G0001354] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [PDF-2011-04-065, RP-PG-0606-1335] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background There is evidence that a range of socio-environmental exposures is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. However, despite the fact that such factors probably combine in complex ways to increase risk, the majority of studies have tended to consider each exposure separately. In light of this, we sought to extend previous analyses of data from the AESOP (Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses) study on childhood and adult markers of disadvantage to examine how they combine to increase risk of psychosis, testing both mediation (path) models and synergistic effects. Method All patients with a first episode of psychosis who made contact with psychiatric services in defined catchment areas in London and Nottingham, UK (n=390) and a series of community controls (n=391) were included in the AESOP study. Data relating to clinical and social variables, including parental separation and loss, education and adult disadvantage, were collected from cases and controls. Results There was evidence that the effect of separation from, but not death of, a parent in childhood on risk of psychosis was partially mediated through subsequent poor educational attainment (no qualifications), adult social disadvantage and, to a lesser degree, low self-esteem. In addition, there was strong evidence that separation from, but not death of, a parent combined synergistically with subsequent disadvantage to increase risk. These effects held for all ethnic groups in the sample. Conclusions Exposure to childhood and adult disadvantage may combine in complex ways to push some individuals along a predominantly sociodevelopmental pathway to psychosis.
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