The molecular genetics of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a common but heterogeneous disease, which arises through the accumulation of genetic mutations. Knowledge of the molecular basis of colorectal cancer has advanced at a rapid pace in recent years, reflecting progress made in the field of genomic medicine. Targeted therapies have come into mainstream use, and the exciting prospect of treatment regimens tailored to the mutation profile of individual tumours is beginning to emerge. In order to understand the development and application of the next generation of colorectal cancer treatments, it is important that gastroenterologists have a working knowledge of the pathological mechanisms that drive the disease. This review examines our current understanding of the molecular genetics of colorectal carcinogenesis.