Journal
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000134
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Funding
- Viropharma/Shire
- Acorda
- ApoPharma
- Sanofi
- Genzyme
- Alnylam
- Alexion
- Terumo BCT
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science AMP
- Technology in Japan
- Japanese Government Scholarship Program
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and CAPES/Brasil
- Questcor
- Novartis
- NIH
- Guthy-Jackson Foundation
- Apsara Therapeutics
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Teva
- NIH/NIAID
- Albert Stevens Foundation
- Forest Laboratories
- Bayer-Schering
- MerckSerono
- Biogen
- Sanofi-Aventis
- Diogenix
- Ono Pharmacia
- Receptos
- Roche
- GSK
- Genzyme-Sanofi
- Merck-Serono
- Teva-Handok
- UCB
- Biogen Idec Japan
- Vejle Hospital Research Fund of The Region of Southern Denmark and Lundbeck Research Foundation
- Tandem Laboratories
- River Vision
- University of South Denmark
- Bell Charitable Foundation
- RPB Foundation
- NovaDigm Therapeutics
- Metacin, Inc
- United States Department of Defense
- NovaDigm Therapeutics Inc
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY022936] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [K08NS078555] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (and NMO spectrum disorder) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS primarily affecting spinal cord and optic nerves. Reliable and sensitive biomarkers for onset, relapse, and progression in NMO are urgently needed because of the heterogeneous clinical presentation, severity of neurologic disability following relapses, and variability of therapeutic response. Detecting aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies (AQP4-IgG or NMO-IgG) in serum supports the diagnosis of seropositive NMO. However, whether AQP4-IgG levels correlate with disease activity, severity, response to therapy, or long-term outcomes is unclear. Moreover, biomarkers for patients with seronegative NMO have yet to be defined and validated. Collaborative international studies hold great promise for establishing and validating biomarkers that are useful in therapeutic trials and clinical management. In this review, we discuss known and potential biomarkers for NMO.
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