Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 20, Pages 15267-15273Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14363a
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21173234, 21133009, 21021003]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJCX2.YW.H30]
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The acid catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into levulinate esters followed by metal catalytic hydrogenation is an important approach to obtain gamma-valerolactone (GVL) from biomass. In this work, we prepared the highly cross-linked polymer of divinylbenzene with acid ionic liquid (PDVB-IL) and supported Co on TiO2 (Co/TiO2), which were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental analysis. It was demonstrated that the PDVB-IL polymer could efficiently catalyze the esterification reaction of furfuryl alcohol (FAL), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and fructose with ethanol to produce the intermediate ethyl levulinate (EL), and the EL in the reaction mixture was directly hydrogenated to GVL over the Co/TiO2 without requiring purification and with high yields.
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