Synthesis and sensing applications of polyaniline nanocomposites: a review

A comprehensive review on the synthesis of PANI nanocomposites and their applications as gas sensors and biosensors has been presented. The multi-functionality of PANI nanocomposites have been extensively exploited in diverse applications with impressive results. The synergistic effects between the constituents have made these materials particularly attractive as sensing elements for gases and biological agents. Not only do PANI nanocomposites allow room temperature sensing of a large number of combustible or toxic gases and pollutants with high selectivity and sensitivity, they also enable immobilization of bioreceptors such as enzymes, antigen-antibodies, and nucleic acids onto their surfaces for detection of an array of biological agents through a combination of biochemical and electrochemical reactions. Efforts are on towards understanding the working mechanism of PANI nanocomposites which will increase their potential fields of applications.