Journal
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 50, Issue 1, Pages 1-9Publisher
KOREAN SOC PATHOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.09.10
Keywords
Stomach neoplasms; Translational medical research; Cancer genomics; Cancer genetics; Target therapy
Categories
Funding
- Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)
- Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [HI3C2162]
- National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea [1020390, 1320360]
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Gastric cancer is a global health burden and has the highest incidence in East Asia. This disease is complex in nature because it arises from multiple interactions of genetic, local environmental, and host factors, resulting in biological heterogeneity. This genetic intricacy converges on molecular characteristics reflecting the pathophysiology, tumor biology, and clinical outcome. Therefore, understanding the molecular characteristics at a genomic level is pivotal to improving the clinical care of patients with gastric cancer. A recent landmark study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, showed the molecular landscape of gastric cancer through a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric cancers. The proposed molecular classification divided gastric cancer into four subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus-positive, microsatellite unstable, genomic stable, and chromosomal instability. This information will be taken into account in future clinical trials and will be translated into clinical therapeutic decisions. To fully realize the clinical benefit, many challenges must be overcome. Rapid growth of high-throughput biology and functional validation of molecular targets will further deepen our knowledge of molecular dimensions of this cancer, allowing for personalized precision medicine.
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