Drugs as Possible Triggers of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Literature Search - Update 2015

Background: In 2011 a list of 20 drugs linked to drug-induced Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) was published. Thus, the objectives were both to identify cases of drug-induced TCM, and update the 2011 list of drugs as possible triggers of this cardiomyopathy. Method: As the 2011 report of drug-induced TCM, case reports of drug-induced TCM were identified by a comprehensive search in Medline/PubMed database. From December 2010 to March 2015 search terms were Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, stress cardiomyopathy, transient-left-ventricular ballooning syndrome, ampulla cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome, OR broken heart syndrome; together with iatrogenic, drug-induced, OR induced by. Publications limited to English, Spanish, and French, in humans, and with full texts were retrieved. Articles that recognized any drug as a possible trigger of TCM were selected. Results: Overall, 405 different references were retrieved and 67 were selected (62 case reports and 5 case series) involving 78 patient cases with TCM possibly associated to drugs were reviewed. At total of 44 drugs were recognized as possible drug-induced TCM, mainly with sympathetic effect, and 37 (84.1%) were different to those 20 identified in the 2011 review; therefore, a list of 57 drugs associated to TCM was obtained. Conclusion: There are new case reports that linked drug-use with the development of TCM. The list of 57 drugs obtained is principally integrated by drugs that generate sympathetic overstimulation. Consequently, the recommendation drug-induced TCM would be considered in patients with TCM, particularly those in which no clear emotional or stress trigger could be identified is endorsed.