Journal
AUTOPHAGY
Volume 13, Issue 9, Pages 1590-1601Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1341453
Keywords
inflammasome; Lyp; NLRP3; NOD-like receptor protein; PEST-enriched phosphatase; SQSTM1; tyrosine phosphorylation
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [314730-146204, 314730_166381, CRSII3_154488/1]
- Swiss IBD Cohort [3347CO-108792]
- Holcim Foundation for Research
- European Crohn and Colitis Foundation
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [DP3DK111802] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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A variant within the gene locus encoding PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22) emerged as an important risk factor for auto-inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and type 1 diabetes, but at the same time protects from Crohn disease, one of the 2 main forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. We have previously shown that loss of PTPN22 results in decreased NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) activation and that this effect is mediated via enhanced NLRP3 phosphorylation. However, it is unclear how phosphorylation of NLRP3 mediates its inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that loss of macroautophagy/autophagy abrogates the inhibitory effect on NLRP3 activation observed upon loss of PTPN22. Phosphorylated, but not nonphosphorylated NLRP3 is found in autophagosomes, indicating that NLRP3 phosphorylation mediates its inactivation via promoting sequestration into phagophores, the precursors to autophagosomes. This finding shows that autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are connected, and that PTPN22 plays a key role in the regulation of those 2 pathways. Given its role in inflammatory disorders, PTPN22 might be an attractive therapeutic target, and understanding the cellular mechanisms modulated by PTPN22 is of crucial importance.
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