Journal
ANNALS OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 4, Pages 393-404Publisher
HELLENIC SOC GASTROENTEROLOGY
DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0146
Keywords
Intestinal fibrosis; inflammatory bowel disease; myofibroblast; extracellular matrix; Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis
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Post-inflammatory scarring is the end-result of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and tissue architectural destruction. It represents a failure to effectively remodel ECM and achieve proper reinstitution and healing during chronic relapsing inflammatory processes. Scarring may affect the functionality of any organ, and in the case of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated fibrosis leads to stricture formation and often surgery to remove the affected bowel. The activated myofibroblast is the final effector cell that overproduces ECM under the influence of various mediators generated by an intense interplay of classic and non-classic immune cells. This review focuses on how proinflammatory mediators from various sources produced in different stages of intestinal inflammation can form profibrotic pathways that eventually lead to tissue scarring through sustained activation of myofibroblasts.
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