Journal
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Volume 43, Issue 11, Pages 5701-5709Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2927-y
Keywords
Heterogeneous esterification; Fatty acids; Amberlyst 15; Surface reaction; Reaction rate
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Funding
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Esterification of acetic and oleic acids with ethanol in the presence of Amberlyst 15 was evaluated as a function of reaction temperature, fatty acid-to-ethanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and fatty acid carbon chain length. All reactions were carried out using a batch reaction system, and the resulting experimental data was modeled using Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson and Eley-Rideal surface reaction kinetic models to determine reaction rates. Esterification of acetic and oleic acid with ethanol increases with increasing reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and fatty acid-to-alcohol molar ratio. Shorter carbon chain lengths also enhanced esterification. A maximum esterification of 67.1 and 41.6% was observed for acetic and oleic acid, respectively. Esterification of both fatty acids with ethanol in the presence of Amberlyst 15 was determined to be a surface reaction limited. The reaction rate constant (k) for acetic acid esterification was determined to be 4.31/min according to the ER model (R-2 >= 0.94), while oleic acid esterification was determined to be 0.263/min (R-2 >= 0.79) based upon the LHHW model.
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