Journal
BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 237-250Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100242
Keywords
Alginate; Chondroitin sulfate; Genetics; Hyaluronan; Heparin sulfate
Funding
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) [L297]
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This review provides an overview of the properties, different biosynthetic machineries, and biotechnological production processes of four microbially derived glucuronic acid-based polysaccharides that are of interest for diverse biomedical purposes. In particular, the utilization of hyaluronic acid and heparin sulfate in high-value medical applications is already well established, whereas chondroitin sulfate and alginate show high potential within this ever-growing field. Furthermore, new strategies exploiting genetically engineered microorganisms generated through improving naturally existing pathways or de novo designed ones are described. These new developments result in increased fermentation titers, and thereby, pave the way towards feasible, or at least improved, process economy. Moreover, these strategies also allow for the future possibility of producing tailor-made biopolymers with specified characteristics, even novel molecules.
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