Journal
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages 19-34Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx211
Keywords
Exosomes; Microvesicles; Extracellular vesicles; Ischaemia; Reperfusion; Cardioprotection; Heart failure; Remote conditioning; Preconditioning; Postconditioning; Co-morbidities; Regenerative medicine
Categories
Funding
- Horizon2020 ERC-2016-COG EVICARE [725229]
- Project SMARTCARE-II of the BioMedicalMaterials Institute
- ZonMw-TAS program [116002016]
- Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative
- Dutch Heart Foundation
- Dutch Federations of University Medical Centers
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences
- British Heart Foundation [PG/16/85/32471, FS/10/039/28270]
- European Cooperation in Science and Technology [COST EU-ROS BM1203]
- Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office [OTKA K 109737, OTKA ANN 107803, NVKP 16-1-2016-0017, VEKOP-2.3.2-16-2016-00002]
- NVKP [16-1-2016-0017]
- OTKA [20237, 111958]
- National Institutes of Health [HL091983, HL126186, HL134608]
- Italian Ministry of University, Research and Technology [RBFR124FEN, 2015583WMV]
- Programme STAR - Compagnia di San Paolo
- Federico II University, Naples (Italy)
- South African National Research Foundation
- German Research Foundation (DFG Research Unit) [FOR2149]
- Queen of Hearts Program Dutch Heart Foundation [2013T084]
- BMRC CS-IRG, ATTRaCT SPF grant
- Insitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Universite Paris Descartes
- Duke-National University Singapore Medical School
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council under its Clinician Scientist-Senior Investigator scheme [NMRC/CSA-SI/0011/2017]
- Collaborative Centre Grant scheme [NMRC/CGAug16C006]
- Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 [MOE2016-T2-2-021]
- National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore [NRF-CRP13-2014-05]
- [VEKOP-2.3.3-15-2017-00016]
- [ANR-16-CE92-0032-02]
- MRC [MR/K002066/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MR/K002066/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [P01HL134608, R01HL126186, R01HL091983] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-particularly exosomes and microvesicles (MVs)-are attracting considerable interest in the cardiovascular field as the wide range of their functions is recognized. These capabilities include transporting regulatory molecules including different RNA species, lipids, and proteins through the extracellular space including blood and delivering these cargos to recipient cells to modify cellular activity. EVs powerfully stimulate angiogenesis, and can protect the heart against myocardial infarction. They also appear to mediate some of the paracrine effects of cells, and have therefore been proposed as a potential alternative to cell-based regenerative therapies. Moreover, EVs of different sources may be useful biomarkers of cardiovascular disease identities. However, the methods used for the detection and isolation of EVs have several limitations and vary widely between studies, leading to uncertainties regarding the exact population of EVs studied and how to interpret the data. The number of publications in the exosome and MV field has been increasing exponentially in recent years and, therefore, in this ESC Working Group Position Paper, the overall objective is to provide a set of recommendations for the analysis and translational application of EVs focussing on the diagnosis and therapy of the ischaemic heart. This should help to ensure that the data from emerging studies are robust and repeatable, and optimize the pathway towards the diagnostic and therapeutic use of EVs in clinical studies for patient benefit.
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