4.3 Article

Poppers and PrEP: Use of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Inhaled Nitrites

Journal

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR
Volume 22, Issue 11, Pages 3658-3672

Publisher

SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2139-9

Keywords

HIV prevention; Men who have sex with men; Poppers; Inhaled nitrites; PrEP

Funding

  1. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) [U01PS005122] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  2. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R21MH110190, R01MH112406] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  3. NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [R03DA039748] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01PS005122] Funding Source: Medline
  5. National Institutes of Health [R03DA039748, R21MH110190, R01MH112406] Funding Source: Medline
  6. NIDA NIH HHS [R03 DA039748] Funding Source: Medline
  7. NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH112406, R21 MH110190] Funding Source: Medline
  8. ACL HHS [U01PS005122] Funding Source: Medline
  9. NCHHSTP CDC HHS [U01 PS005122] Funding Source: Medline

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Men who have sex with men (MSM) commonly use inhaled nitrites, or poppers, though their use is a risk factor HIV seroconversion. Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, is effective for HIV prevention, but is not widely used, and little is known regarding PrEP use and acceptability among MSM who use inhaled nitrites. We surveyed 580 MSM in Paris, France in 2016 about popper use, sexual behaviors including condomless anal intercourse (CAI), serosorting, and sexual positioning, PrEP use, PrEP candidacy, and interest in alternate PrEP delivery modalities. We included 444 HIV negative participants for the current study. 46.2% reported popper use in the prior 3months. Using multivariate adjusted logistic regression, we found that popper users were more likely than non-users to consider themselves candidates for PrEP [adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR)=2.73; 95% CI 1.54-4.83], but they were not more likely to be current (aRRR=1.54; 95% CI 0.71-3.33) or past (aRRR=1.37; 95% CI 0.44-4.28) PrEP users. Mediation analyses indicated that increased CAI and serosorting partly explained the relationship between popper use and PrEP candidacy. There was considerable interest in alternate proposed PrEP delivery modalities, particularly long-acting injectable PrEP [adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=1.43; 95% CI 1.15-1.79]. ResumenLos hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres (HSH) usan con frequencia los nitritos inhalados, tambien conocidos poppers, aunque su uso es un factor de riesgo para la seroconversion del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). La profliaxis prexposicion o PrEP es eficaz para la prevencion del VIH, pero no se utiliza ampliamente, y poco se sabe en cuanto al uso y la aceptabilidad de PrEP entre los HSH que usan los nitritos inhalados. Hicimos una encuesta de 580 HSH en Paris, Francia en cuanto a su uso de los poppers, su comportamiento sexual (incluyendo el sexo anal sin condones [CAI, por sus siglas en ingles, condomless anal intercourse], el serosorting [tener sexo con personas con el mismo estatus de VIH], y el rol sexual [active o pasivo]), el uso de PrEP, su candidatura percibida para PrEP, y su interes en modalidades alternativas para la administracion de PrEP. Incluimos 444 individuos HIV-negativos para este studio. 46,2% indicaron el uso de poppers durante los 3 meses antes de la encuesta. Usando la regresion logistica ajustada, descubrimos que los HSH que usaban los poppers se consideraban como candidatos para PrEP con mas frecuencia que los que no usaban los poppers (indice de riesgo relativo ajustado (aRRR, por sus siglas en ingles, adjusted relative risk ratio)=2.73; 95% interval de confianza (CI, por sus siglas en ingles, confidence interval) = 1.54-4.83), pero no usaban el PrEP ahora (aRRR=1.54; 95% CI=0.71-3.33) o en el pasado (aRRR=1.37; 95% CI=0.44-4.28) con mas frecuencia que los que no usaban los poppers. Analisis de mediacion indicaron que niveles mas altos de CAI y serosorting explicaron una parte de la relacion entre el uso de poppers y la candidatura percibida para PrEP. Tambien habia interes considerable en otras modalidades para la administracion de PrEP, especialmente PrEP inyectable de accion prolongada (indice de riesgo ajustado (aRR, por sus siglas en ingles, adjusted relative risk)=1.43; 95% CI=1.15-1.79).

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