Automatic detection of tulip breaking virus (TBV) in tulip fields using machine vision

Tulip breaking virus (TBV) causes severe economic losses in flower bulbs in the Netherlands. To prevent further spread by aphids, the vector of the disease, infected plants must be removed from the field as soon as possible. Until now screening has been carried out by visual inspection in the field. As the availability of human experts is limited there is an urgent need for a rapid, automated and objective method of screening. Based on laboratory experiments, a vision method for use in open fields has been developed. In the period 2009-2012 field trials were carried out and the techniques were tested and improved. During the final evaluation of our system, in the last experiment (2012), the system approached the scores obtained by the experienced crop experts. (C) 2013 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.