Progress toward Stable Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

With the rapid developments in lead halide perovskite solar cell technology, record-high power conversion efficiencies have been achieved, and significant research efforts have been directed toward stability, which is still a major challenge facing the commercialization of perovskite solar cell technology. In this review article, we review the research progress that has been made on the stability of perovskite solar cells. We start with an analysis of recently reported operational stability profiles of perovskite solar cells. On the basis of the analysis, we determine the solar cell lifetime (i.e., T-80 values) and the total amount of energy generated during the lifespan of a perovskite solar cell, from which several trends are inferred. In the subsequent sections, we further examine the instability issues associated with various constituents in a perovskite solar cell and the new methods/strategies that have been developed to solve these issues.