Global Prediction of Photovoltaic Field Performance Differences Using Open-Source Satellite Data

Accurate field-performance prediction is essential for the calculation of returnon-investment for photovoltaic projects. Leading software predicting field performance was developed for traditional technologies and markets. Yet emerging markets are projected to install over half of all solar cells by the end of this decade, with persisting interest in new technologies. In this study, we map photovoltaic system performance over the entire planet, for standard and emerging technologies, using open-source satellite data. We validate results using time-resolved field-performance data of cadmium telluride and silicon modules in temperate (Perrysburg, OH, USA) and hot-humid (Singapore) climates. Watt for watt, we find that CdTe produces up to 6% more energy than Si in tropical regions. This result emphasizes the significance of local performance evaluation to complement standard testing condition efficiencies. We extend our model to emerging materials including lead-halide perovskites and III-V thin films, and demonstrate that larger band gaps have performance advantages in hot and humid environments.