4.6 Article

Ice cliff contribution to the tongue-wide ablation of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, central Himalaya

Journal

CRYOSPHERE
Volume 12, Issue 11, Pages 3439-3457

Publisher

COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/tc-12-3439-2018

Keywords

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Funding

  1. French Service d'Observation GLACIOCLIM
  2. French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-13-SENV-0005-04-PRESHINE]
  3. Labex OSUG@2020 [ANR10 LABX56]
  4. United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID)
  5. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Norway
  6. European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [676819]
  7. French Space Agency (CNES)
  8. Programme National de Teledetection Spatiale grant [PNTS-2016-01]

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Ice cliff backwasting on debris-covered glaciers is recognized as an important mass-loss process that is potentially responsible for the debris-cover anomaly, i.e. the fact that debris-covered and debris-free glacier tongues appear to have similar thinning rates in the Himalaya. In this study, we quantify the total contribution of ice cliff backwasting to the net ablation of the tongue of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, between 2015 and 2017. Detailed backwasting and surface thinning rates were obtained from terrestrial photogrammetry collected in November 2015 and 2016, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) surveys conducted in November 2015, 2016 and 2017, and Pleiades tri-stereo imagery obtained in November 2015, 2016 and 2017. UAV- and Pleiades-derived ice cliff volume loss estimates were 3% and 7% less than the value calculated from the reference terrestrial photogrammetry. Ice cliffs cover between 7% and 8% of the total map view area of the Changri Nup tongue. Yet from November 2015 to November 2016 (November 2016 to November 2017), ice cliffs contributed to 23 +/- 5% (24 +/- 5 %) of the total ablation observed on the tongue. Ice cliffs therefore have a net ablation rate 3.1 +/- 0.6 (3.0 +/- 0.6) times higher than the average glacier tongue surface. However, on Changri Nup Glacier, ice cliffs still cannot compensate for the reduction in ablation due to debris-cover. In addition to cliff enhancement, a combination of reduced ablation and lower emergence velocities could be responsible for the debris-cover anomaly on debris-covered tongues.

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