Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010006
Keywords
almond; Prunus amygdalus; tocopherols; genotype; climate
Funding
- Spanish INIA [RTA2014-00062-00-00]
- Consolidated Research Group A12 of Aragon
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Almond is the most important nut species worldwide and almond kernels show the highest levels of tocopherols among all nuts. In almond, tocopherols not only play a substantial role as a healthy food for human consumption, but also in protecting lipids against oxidation and, thus, lengthening the storage time of almond kernels. The main tocopherol homologues detected in almond in decreasing content and biological importance are alpha-, gamma-, delta-, and beta-tocopherol. Tocopherol concentration in almond depends on the genotype and the environment, such as the climatic conditions of the year and the growing management of the orchard. The range of variability for the different tocopherol homologues is of 335-657 mg/kg of almond oil for alpha-, 2-50 for gamma-, and 0.1-22 for beta-tocopherol. Drought and heat have been the most important stresses affecting tocopherol content in almond, with increased levels at higher temperatures and in water deficit conditions. The right cultivar and the most appropriate growing conditions may be selected to obtain crops with effective kernel storage and for the most beneficial effects of almond consumption for human nutrition and health.
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