Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 22-27Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000489
Keywords
allorecognition; antigen cross-dressing; exosomes; immune tolerance; transplantation; transplant rejection
Categories
Funding
- NIH [NIH AI 124096]
- Universite Sorbonne Paris Cite (USPC)
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [P01HL018646] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R21AI124096, U19AI102405] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK115618] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Purpose of review This article reviews recent literature on the nature of extracellular vesicles released by allogeneic transplants and examine their role in T-cell alloimmunity involved in rejection and tolerance of these grafts. Recent findings Donor cells release extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, after transplantation of allogeneic organs and tissues. Consequently, recipient APCs take up these exosomes and present donor MHC antigens on their surface (allo-MHC cross-dressing) thus, activating some alloreactive T cells via a mechanism called semi-direct pathway of allorecognition. In addition, one study shows that exosomes carrying noninherited maternal antigens are associated with maternal microchimerism and tolerance in offspring. Finally, a few studies describe potential utilization of exosomes as modulators of alloimmunity and biomarkers of rejection in allotransplantation. Summary Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, released by allografts contribute to recognition of donor antigens by T cells after allotransplantation. This occurs through cross-dressing of recipient APCs with donor MHC antigens and subsequent activation of T cells, a process called semi-direct alloreactivity. The relevance of this phenomenon in rejection and tolerance of allografts and the potential utilization of exosomes as biomarkers in transplantation are discussed.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available