Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 141, Issue -, Pages 41-45Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.057
Keywords
Membrane bioreactor (MBR); Emerging trace organics; N-nitrosamines; Biodegradation; Removal mechanism
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This study investigated the fate of eight N-nitrosamines during membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment. The results suggest that biodegradation is mainly responsible for the removal of N-nitrosamines during MBR treatment. Other removal mechanisms were insignificant (e.g. adsorption to sludge) or not expected (e.g. photolysis and volatilization) given the experimental conditions and physicochemical properties of the N-nitrosamines studied here. N-nitrosamine removal efficiencies were from 24% to 94%, depending on their molecular properties. High removal of N-nitrosamines such as N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine could be explained by the presence of strong electron donating functional groups (EDG) in their structure. In contrast, N-nitrosomorpholine possessing the weak EDG morpholine was persistent to biodegradation. The removal efficiency of N-nitrosomorpholine was 24% and was the lowest amongst all N-nitrosamines investigated in this study. Crown Copyright (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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