Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 139, Issue -, Pages 107-112Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.022
Keywords
Biodiesel; Heterogeneous catalysis; Glyme; Transesterification
Funding
- Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Human Resource Development [928454] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The base (such as CaO)-catalyzed heterogeneous preparation of biodiesel encounters a number of obstacles including the need for CaO pretreatment and the reactions being incomplete (typically 90-95% yields). In this study, a number of glymes were investigated as benign solvents for the CaO-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil into biodiesel with a high substrate loading (typically soybean oil >50% v/v). The triglyceride-dissolving capability of glymes led to a much faster reaction rate (>98% conversions in 4 h) than in methanol alone (typically 24 h) and minimized the saponification reaction when catalyzed by anhydrous CaO or commercial lime without pre-activation. The use of glyme (e.g. P2) as co-solvent also activates commercial lime to become an effective catalyst without calcination pretreatment. The SEM images suggest a dissolution-agglomeration process of CaO surface in the presence of P2, which could remove the CaCO3 and Ca(OH)(2) layer coated on the surface of lime. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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