Preparation and characterization of a hierarchical porous char from sewage sludge with superior adsorption capacity for toluene by a new two-step pore-fabricating process

A kind of hierarchical porous char (SCCA/Zn) was prepared from sewage sludge by a new two-step pore-fabricating process coupling citric acid (CA) with ZnCl2 in a pyrolysis process. The char was characterized by element analysis, N-2-adsorption and mercury intrusion measurement etc. It is found that coupling CA and ZnCl2 can synergistically fabricate pores in the pyrolysis process, resulting in a hierarchical porous char, SCCA/Zn, with the largest S-BET of 867.6 m(2) g(-1) due to the fact that the former contributes to the fabrication of macro-pores, which provides more space for fabricating meso- and micro-pores by ZnCl2 activation. Although the S-BET of SCCA/Zn was 15% less than that of activated carbon fiber (ACF, S-BET = 999.5 m(2) g(-1)), SCCA/Zn had a higher toluene adsorption capacity (0.83 g g(-1)) than ACF. The inconsistence between their S-BET and adsorption capacity can be ascribed to the strong hydrophobic property of SCCA/Zn. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.