Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 124, Issue -, Pages 169-179Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.043
Keywords
Composting; Water hyacinth; Heavy metal; Speciation; Bioavailability
Funding
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India
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The Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the changes in heavy metals speciation (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr) during water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) composting. Results showed that, the contents of total metals concentration were increased during the composting process. The largest proportion of metals was found in the residual fraction which was in more stable form and is consequently considered unavailable for plant uptake. Reducible and oxidizable fractions of Ni, Pb and Cd were not found in all trials during water hyacinth composting. The concentrations of Cu and Cd were very low comparative to the other metals, but the percentage of exchangeable and carbonate fractions were similar as other metals. From this study it can be concluded that the appropriate proportion of cattle manure addition (Trial 4) significantly reduced the mobile and easily available fractions (exchangeable and carbonate fractions) during the composting process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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