Journal
JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
Volume 126, Issue 1, Pages 216-262Publisher
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/695528
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Funding
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development University of Michigan Population Studies Center [T32 HD0007339]
- University of California Berkeley's Center on the Economics and Demography of Aging (National Institute on Aging) [2P30AG012839]
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Health Policy Scholars program
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This paper provides new evidence that Medicaid's introduction reduced infant and child mortality in the 1960s and 1970s. Mandated coverage of all cash welfare recipients induced substantial cross-state variation in the share of children immediately eligible for the program. Before Medicaid, higher- and lower-eligibility states had similar infant and child mortality trends. After Medicaid, public insurance utilization increased and mortality fell more rapidly among children and infants in high-Medicaid-eligibility states. Mortality among nonwhite children on Medicaid fell by 20 percent, leading to a reduction in aggregate nonwhite child mortality rates of 11 percent.
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