Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 102, Issue 7, Pages 4876-4883Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.031
Keywords
Liquefaction; Macro-algae; Seaweed; Bio-crude; Bio-refinery
Funding
- EPSRC under Supergen Bioenergy Consortium [EP/039995]
- EPSRC [EP/E039995/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E039995/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The brown macro-alga Laminaria saccharina was converted into bio-crude by hydrothermal liquefaction in a batch reactor. The influence of reactor loading, residence time, temperature and catalyst (KOH) loading was assessed. A maximum bio-crude yield of 19.3 wt% was obtained with a 1:10 biomass:water ratio at 350 degrees C and a residence time of 15 min without the presence of the catalyst. The bio-crude had an HHV of 36.5 MJ/kg and is similar in nature to a heavy crude oil or bitumen. The solid residue has high ash content and contains a large proportion of calcium and magnesium. The aqueous phase is rich in sugars and ammonium and contains a large proportion of potassium and sodium. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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