Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 102, Issue 23, Pages 10777-10783Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.033
Keywords
Eggshell; Composite catalyst; Co-precipitation; Transesterification
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia [203/PJKI-MIA/6071206]
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Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were produced from palm oil using eggshell modified with magnesium and potassium nitrates to form a composite, low-cost heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification. The catalyst, prepared by the combination of impregnation/co-precipitation was calcined at 830 C for 4 h. Transesterification was conducted at a constant temperature of 65 C in a batch reactor. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to optimize the reaction parameters, and the conditions that gave highest yield of FAME (85.8%) was 5.35 wt.% catalyst loading at 4.5 h with 16:1 methanol/oil molar ratio. The results revealed that eggshell, a solid waste, can be utilized as low-cost catalyst after modification with magnesium and potassium nitrates for biodiesel production. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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