Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 102, Issue 11, Pages 6573-6578Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.042
Keywords
Clostridium; Fermentation; Hormesis; Ionic liquids; Toxicity
Funding
- Brookhaven National Laboratory through a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
- US Department of Energy
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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In this study, the effect of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][Ac], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate [EMIM][DEP], and 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate [MMIM][DMP] on the growth and glucose fermentation of Clostridium sp. was investigated. Among the three ionic liquids tested, [MMIM][DMP] was found to be least toxic. Growth of Clostridium sp. was not inhibited up to 2.5, 4 and 4 g L-1 of [EMIM][Ac], [EMIM][DEP] and [MMIM][DMP], respectively. [EMIM][Ac] at <2.5 g L-1, showed hormetic effect and stimulated the growth and fermentation by modulating medium pH. Total organic acid production increased in the presence of 2.5 and 2 g L-1 of [EMIM][Ac] and [MMIM][DMP]. Ionic liquids had no significant influence on alcohol production at <2.5 g L-1. Total gas production was affected by ILs at >= 2.5 g L-1 and varied with type of methylimidazolium IL Overall, the results show that the growth and fermentative metabolism of Clostridium sp. is not impacted by ILs at concentrations below 2.5 g L-1. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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