Journal
NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 397-417Publisher
MIT PRESS
DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00037
Keywords
Dynamic functional connectivity; Default mode network; Resting state; Spontaneous cognition; Mind wandering; Arousal
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institutes of Health [NIH F32MH106280, R01MH111416, R01NS078095]
- National Science Foundation [BCS INSPIRE 1533260]
- National Institute of Mental Health [R00MH102349]
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In cognitive neuroscience, focus is commonly placed on associating brain function with changes in objectively measured external stimuli or with actively generated cognitive processes. In everyday life, however, many forms of cognitive processes are initiated spontaneously, without an individual's active effort and without explicit manipulation of behavioral state. Recently, there has been increased emphasis, especially in functional neuroimaging research, on spontaneous correlated activity among spatially segregated brain regions (intrinsic functional connectivity) and, more specifically, on intraindividual fluctuations of such correlated activity on various time scales (time-varying functional connectivity). In this Perspective, we propose that certain subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes are detectable in time-varying functional connectivity measurements. We define these subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes and review evidence of their representations in time-varying functional connectivity from studies of attentional fluctuations, memory reactivation, and effects of baseline states on subsequent perception. Moreover, we describe how these studies are critical to validating the use of neuroimaging tools (e.g., fMRI) for assessing ongoing brain network dynamics. We conclude that continued investigation of the behavioral relevance of time-varying functional connectivity will be beneficial both in the development of comprehensive neural models of cognition, and in informing on best practices for studying brain network dynamics.
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