Journal
NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 200-217Publisher
MIT PRESS
DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00034
Keywords
ADHD; Functional connectivity MRI; Attentional control; Default mode network; Task positive network; Negative connectivity
Categories
Funding
- OHSU Fellowship for Diversity and Inclusion in Research Program
- McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University
- [MH086654]
- [MH096773]
- [MH099064]
- [MH091238]
- [1U54MH091657]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH099064, R37MH059105, R01MH115357] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [T32DA007262] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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In children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) difficulty maintaining task focus may relate to the coordinated, negatively correlated activity between brain networks that support the initiation and maintenance of task sets (task positive networks) and networks that mediate internally directed processes (i.e., the default mode network). Here, resting-state functional connectivity MRI between these networks was examined in ADHD, across development, and in relation to attention. Children with ADHD had reduced negative connectivity between task positive and task negative networks (p = 0.002). Connectivity continues to become more negative between these networks throughout development (7-15 years of age) in children with ADHD (p = 0.005). Regardless of group status, females had increased negative connectivity (p = 0.003). In regards to attentional performance, the ADHD group had poorer signal detection (d') on the continuous performance task (CPT) (p < 0.0001), more so on easy than difficult d' trials (p < 0.0001). The reduced negative connectivity in children with ADHD also relates to their attention, where increased negative connectivity is related to better performance on the d' measure of the CPT (p = 0.008). These results highlight and further strengthen prior reports underscoring the role of segregated system integrity in ADHD.
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