Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 23, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102460
Keywords
genetic code expansion; amber suppression; archaea; benzyloxycarbonyllysine; protein engineering
Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [26291035, 18H02416]
- AMED [JP18mk0101081h0302]
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Genetic code expansion has largely relied on two types of the tRNA-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs. One involves pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS), which is used to incorporate various lysine derivatives into proteins. The widely used PylRS from Methanosarcinaceae comprises two distinct domains while the bacterial molecules consist of two separate polypeptides. The recently identified PylRS from Candidatus Methanomethylophilus alvus (CMaPylRS) is a single-domain, one-polypeptide enzyme that belongs to a third category. In the present study, we showed that the PylRS-tRNA(Pyl) pair from C. M. alvus can incorporate lysine derivatives much more efficiently (up to 14-times) than Methanosarcinaceae PylRSs in Escherichia coli cell-based and cell-free systems. Then we investigated the tRNA and amino-acid recognition by CMaPylRS. The cognate tRNA(Pyl) has two structural idiosyncrasies: no connecting nucleotide between the acceptor and D stems and an additional nucleotide in the anticodon stem and it was found that these features are hardly recognized by CMaPylRS. Lastly, the Tyr126Ala and Met129Leu substitutions at the amino-acid binding pocket were shown to allow CMaPylRS to recognize various derivatives of the bulky N-epsilon-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (ZLys). With the high incorporation efficiency and the amenability to engineering, CMaPylRS would enhance the availability of lysine derivatives in expanded codes.
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