Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 24, Issue 29, Pages 7298-7311Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705322
Keywords
catalytic mechanism; nanostructures; PGM-free catalysts; surface structure; water electrolysis
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Funding
- Iowa State University
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the CritCat Project [686053]
- NORTE 2020 FROnTHERA project [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023]
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In the field of renewable energy, the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen fuel gases using water electrolysis is a prominent topic. Traditionally, these catalytic processes have been performed by platinum-group metal catalysts, which are effective at promoting water electrolysis but expensive and rare. The search for an inexpensive and Earth-abundant catalyst has led to the development of 3d-transition-metal phosphides for the hydrogen evolution reaction. These catalysts have shown excellent activity and stability. In this review, we discuss the electronic and crystal structures of bulk and surface of selected Fe, Co, and Ni phosphides, and their relationships to the experimental catalytic activity. The various synthetic protocols towards the state-of-the-art transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts are also discussed.
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