Journal
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages 5607-5617Publisher
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-5607-2018
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC21477102, 21322705, 41421064]
- NSFC-ISF Research Program [41561144007]
- General Research Fund of Hong Kong Research Grant Council [12304215, 12300914, 201212]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China Grants (973 program) [2015CB553401]
- Faculty Research Grant from Hong Kong Baptist University [FRG2/16-17/041]
- Research and Development of Science and Technology in Shenzhen [JCYJ 20140419130357038, JCYJ 20150625142543472]
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Water-soluble humic-like substances (HULISWS) are a major redox-active component of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5); however, information on their sources and associated redox activity is limited. In this study, HULISWS mass concentration, various HULISWS species, and dithiothreitol (DTT) activity of HULISWS were quantified in PM2.5 samples collected during a 1-year period in Beijing. Strong correlation was observed between HULISWS and DTT activity; both exhibited higher levels during the heating season than during the nonheating season. Positive matrix factorization analysis of both HULISWS and DTT activity was performed. Four combustion-related sources, namely coal combustion, biomass burning, waste incineration, and vehicle exhausts, and one secondary factor were resolved. In particular, waste incineration was identified as a source of HULISWS for the first time. Biomass burning and secondary aerosol formation were the major contributors (> 59 %) to both HULISWS and associated DTT activity throughout the year. During the nonheating season, secondary aerosol formation was the most important source, whereas during the heating season, the predominant contributor was biomass burning. The four combustion-related sources accounted for > 70% of HULISWS and DTT activity, implying that future reduction in PM2.5 emissions from combustion activities can substantially reduce the HULISWS burden and their potential health impact in Beijing.
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