Review on selected potential nutritional intervention for treatment and prevention of viral infections: possibility of recommending these for Coronavirus 2019

An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. The role of nutrition in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical documents shows that vitamins, including vitamins A, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc and selenium; probiotics and prebiotics; alpha lipoic acid; omega-3 fatty acids and herbal supplements including curcumin, ginger, Echinacea, garlic, green tea, cinnamon, and ginseng play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C, D, and selenium is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health.