Journal
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 43, Issue -, Pages 2-14Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2012.03.001
Keywords
Decarboxylase; Cofactor; Mechanistic enzymology; Metal center
Funding
- National Science Foundation [MCB-0843537]
- Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Scholar Program
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0843537] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This review examines the mechanisms propelling cofactor-independent, organic cofactor-dependent and metal-dependent decarboxylase chemistry. Decarboxylation, the removal of carbon dioxide from organic acids, is a fundamentally important reaction in biology. Numerous decarboxylase enzymes serve as key components of aerobic and anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid conversion. In the past decade, our knowledge of the mechanisms enabling these crucial decarboxylase reactions has continued to expand and inspire. This review focuses on the organic cofactors biotin, flavin, NAD, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyruvoyl, and thiamin pyrophosphate as catalytic centers. Significant attention is also placed on the metal-dependent decarboxylase mechanisms. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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