Journal
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS
Volume 22, Issue 2, Pages 998-1026Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2020.2975048
Keywords
Autonomous vehicles; Security; Machine learning; Automation; Tutorials; Robustness; Taxonomy; Connected and autonomous vehicles; machine; deep learning; adversarial machine learning; adversarial perturbation; perturbation detection; robust machine learning
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Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will form the backbone of future next-generation intelligent transportation systems (ITS) providing travel comfort, road safety, along with a number of value-added services. Such a transformation-which will be fuelled by concomitant advances in technologies for machine learning (ML) and wireless communications-will enable a future vehicular ecosystem that is better featured and more efficient. However, there are lurking security problems related to the use of ML in such a critical setting where an incorrect ML decision may not only be a nuisance but can lead to loss of precious lives. In this paper, we present an in-depth overview of the various challenges associated with the application of ML in vehicular networks. In addition, we formulate the ML pipeline of CAVs and present various potential security issues associated with the adoption of ML methods. In particular, we focus on the perspective of adversarial ML attacks on CAVs and outline a solution to defend against adversarial attacks in multiple settings.
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