4.7 Article

Exploring the Stellar Age Distribution of the Milky Way Bulge Using APOGEE

Journal

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 901, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abaeee

Keywords

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Funding

  1. NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship [AST-1801940]
  2. Swedish Research Council [2016-03412]
  3. State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU)
  4. European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) [AYA2017-88254-P]
  5. FONDECYT Regular [1170476]
  6. QUIMAL project [130001]
  7. Physics Frontier Center/JINA-CEE [PHY 14-30152]
  8. U.S. National Science Foundation
  9. Chilean Centro de Excelencia en Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA) BASAL [AFB-170002]
  10. Direccion de Investigacion y Desarrollo de la Universidad de La Serena through the Programa de Incentivo a la Investigacion de Academicos (PIA-DIDULS)
  11. NASA [80NSSC19K0589]
  12. Allan C. and Dorothy H. Davis Fellowship
  13. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
  14. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
  15. Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah
  16. STFC [ST/L00061X/1] Funding Source: UKRI

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We present stellar age distributions of the Milky Way bulge region using ages for similar to 6000 high-luminosity (log (g), metal-rich ([Fe/H] >= -0.5) bulge stars observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment. Ages are derived using The Cannon label-transfer method, trained on a sample of nearby luminous giants with precise parallaxes for which we obtain ages using a Bayesian isochrone-matching technique. We find that the metal-rich bulge is predominantly composed of old stars (>8 Gyr). We find evidence that the planar region of the bulge (vertical bar Z(GC)vertical bar <= 0.25 kpc) is enriched in metallicity, Z, at a faster rate (dZ/dt similar to 0.0034 Gyr(-1)) than regions farther from the plane (dZ/dt similar to 0.0013 Gyr(-1) at vertical bar Z(GC)vertical bar > 1.00 kpc). We identify a nonnegligible fraction of younger stars (age similar to 2-5 Gyr) at metallicities of +0.2 < [Fe/H] < +0.4. These stars are preferentially found in the plane (vertical bar Z(GC)vertical bar <= 0.25 kpc) and at R-cy approximate to 2-3 kpc, with kinematics that are more consistent with rotation than are the kinematics of older stars at the same metallicities. We do not measure a significant age difference between stars found inside and outside the bar. These findings show that the bulge experienced an initial starburst that was more intense close to the plane than far from the plane. Then, star formation continued at supersolar metallicities in a thin disk at 2 kpc less than or similar to R-cy less than or similar to 3 kpc until similar to 2 Gyr ago.

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