The institutionalized stratification of the Chinese higher education system

To promote research excellence, China's government has been offering substantial financial support for a small group of selected universities through three national research programs (Project 211, Project 985, Double First Class). However, admission to these programs may not be completely merit based. Based on a statistical analysis of Chinese universities' scientific activities, this paper shows that this institutionalized hierarchy is not supported by empirical data on research performance, which contributes to inequalities and inefficiencies in Chinese higher education. To build and maintain research capacity, China must support meritocracy across the research system.

Automated summary

To promote research excellence, the Chinese government has been providing substantial financial support to a small number of selected universities through national research programs. However, admission to these programs may not be purely based on academic merit. Statistical analysis shows that the institutionalized hierarchy in Chinese higher education is not supported by empirical data on research performance, leading to inequalities and inefficiencies. Therefore, China must prioritize meritocracy in the research system to build and sustain research capacity.