4.7 Article

Carbonaceous aerosols in urban Chongqing, China: Seasonal variation, source apportionment, and long-range transport

Journal

CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 285, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131462

Keywords

Source apportionment; Seasonal variation; Long-range transport; Carbonaceous aerosols; Chongqing

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [42077319]
  2. Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing, China [CYS20035]
  3. National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC0214003, 2019YFC1805500]
  4. Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation & Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing [CQKLAE202104]
  5. Technological Innovation and Application Development Key Projects of Chongqing Municipality, China [cstc2019jscxgksb0241]

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Analysis of atmospheric PM2.5 samples collected at an urban site in Chongqing University Campus revealed that major pollution sources included coal/biomass combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, diesel engine emissions, and natural biogenic sources. Winter and spring had the highest concentrations of organic carbon, PAHs, and n-alkanes, while autumn and winter had the highest concentrations of EC, char, and soot. The study also identified potential pollution sources in southeastern Sichuan and northwestern Chongqing through PSCF analysis.
Seventy-seven PM2.5 samples were collected at an urban site (Chongqing University Campus A) in October 2015 (autumn), December 2015 (winter), March 2016 (spring), and August 2016 (summer). These samples were analysed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and their associated char, soot, 16 PAHs, and 28 n-alkanes to trace sources, and atmospheric transport pathways. The annual average of OC, EC, char, soot, Sigma PAHs, and Sigma n-alkanes were 20.75 mu g/m(3), 6.18 mu g/m(3), 5.43 mu g/m(3), 0.75 mu g/m(3), 38.29 ng/m(3), and 328.69 ng/m(3), respectively. OC, Sigma PAHs, and Sigma n-alkane concentrations were highest in winter and lowest in summer. EC, char, and soot concentrations were highest in autumn and lowest in winter. Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization (PMF) indicated that coal/biomass combustion-natural gas emissions (23.8%) and motor vehicle exhaust (20.2%) were the two major sources, followed by diesel and petroleum residue (21.1%), natural biogenic sources (17.7%), and evaporative/petrogenic sources (17.2%). The highest source contributor in autumn and winter was evaporative/petrogenic sources (30.6%) and natural biogenic sources (34.5%), respectively, whereas diesel engine emission contributed the most in spring and summer (32.1% and 38.0%, respectively). Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis identified southeastern Sichuan and northwestern Chongqing as the major potential sources of these pollutants. These datasets provide critical information for policymakers to establish abatement strategies for the reduction of carbonaceous pollutant emissions and improve air quality in Chongqing and other similar urban centres across China.

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