4.7 Article

Multimessenger Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidence Alerts Using HAWC and IceCube Subthreshold Data

Journal

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 906, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abcaa4

Keywords

-

Funding

  1. National Science Foundation [PHY-1708146, PHY-1806854]
  2. Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos of the Pennsylvania State University
  3. Eberly College of Science at the Pennsylvania State University
  4. US National Science Foundation (NSF)
  5. US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics
  6. Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory
  7. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Mexico [271051, 232656, 260378, 179588, 254964, 258865, 243290, 132197, A1-S-46288, A1S-22784, catedras 873, 1563, 323]
  8. DGAPA-UNAM [IG101320, IN111315, IN111716-3, IN111419, IA102019, IN112218]
  9. VIEP-BUAP
  10. University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
  11. Red HAWC, Mexico
  12. PIFI 2012
  13. PIFI 2013
  14. PROFOCIE 2014
  15. PROFOCIE 2015
  16. Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, and Signatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory
  17. Polish Science Centre [DEC-2017/27/B/ST9/02272]
  18. Coordinacion de la Investigacion Cientifica de la Universidad Michoacana
  19. Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship [180385]
  20. Generalitat Valenciana [CIDEGENT/2018/034]
  21. Chulalongkorn University's CUniverse (CUAASC) grant
  22. USA-US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs
  23. US National Science Foundation Physics Division
  24. Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
  25. Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
  26. Open Science Grid (OSG)
  27. Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE)
  28. US Department of Energy National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
  29. Particle Astrophysics Research Computing Center at the University of Maryland
  30. Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University
  31. Astroparticle Physics Computational Facility at Marquette University
  32. Belgium-Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS)
  33. Belgium-Funds for Scientific Research (FWO)
  34. FWO Odysseus and Big Science programs
  35. Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo)
  36. Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
  37. Germany-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
  38. Germany-Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)
  39. Germany-Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association
  40. Germany-Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY)
  41. Germany-High Performance Computing Cluster of the RWTH Aachen
  42. Sweden-Swedish Research Council
  43. Sweden-Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
  44. Sweden-Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)
  45. Sweden-Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
  46. Australia-Australian Research Council
  47. Canada -Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
  48. Canada -Calcul Quebec
  49. Canada -Compute Ontario
  50. Canada -Canada Foundation for Innovation
  51. Canada -WestGrid
  52. Canada -Compute Canada
  53. Denmark-Villum Fonden
  54. Denmark-Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF)
  55. Denmark-Carlsberg Foundation
  56. New Zealand-Marsden Fund
  57. Japan-Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS)
  58. Japan-Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University
  59. Korea-National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
  60. Switzerland-Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
  61. United Kingdom-Department of Physics, University of Oxford

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The HAWC and IceCube observatories have developed a multimessenger joint search for extragalactic astrophysical sources through the AMON framework. Results from archival data collected between 2015 and 2018 show two coincident events with a false-alarm rate of <1 coincidence yr(-1). Real-time implementation of the analysis began in 2019 and issues alerts with an FAR threshold of <4 coincidences yr(-1) through the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network.
The High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) and IceCube observatories, through the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) framework, have developed a multimessenger joint search for extragalactic astrophysical sources. This analysis looks for sources that emit both cosmic neutrinos and gamma rays that are produced in photohadronic or hadronic interactions. The AMON system is running continuously, receiving subthreshold data (i.e., data that are not suited on their own to do astrophysical searches) from HAWC and IceCube, and combining them in real time. Here we present the analysis algorithm, as well as results from archival data collected between 2015 June and 2018 August, with a total live time of 3.0 yr. During this period we found two coincident events that have a false-alarm rate (FAR) of <1 coincidence yr(-1), consistent with the background expectations. The real-time implementation of the analysis in the AMON system began on 2019 November 20 and issues alerts to the community through the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network with an FAR threshold of <4 coincidences yr(-1).

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