4.7 Article

Cytotoxic 2-benzylidene-6-(nitrobenzylidene)cyclohexanones which display substantially greater toxicity for neoplasms than non-malignant cells

Journal

BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 18, Issue 6, Pages 2219-2224

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.069

Keywords

Unsaturated ketones; Selective cytotoxicity; Structure-activity relationships; Murine toxicity

Funding

  1. Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  2. Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan [19592156]
  3. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
  4. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education
  5. Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [NATO-B2]

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Various 2-benzylidene-6-(nitrobenzylidene)cyclohexanones were prepared as candidate cytotoxins in which the nitro group was located in the ortho, meta and para positions leading to series 1-3, respectively. The CC50 values towards human HSC-2 and HSC-4 oral squamous cell carcinomas as well as human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemic cells are in the low micromolar range in general. On the other hand, most of the compounds afforded clear evidence of being far less toxic towards human HGF gingival fibroblasts, HPC pulp cells and HPLF periodontal ligament. broblasts which are non-malignant cells. Selectivity index (SI) figures were generated which are the ratios of the average CC50 values towards normal cells and the CC50 figure towards a malignant cell line. Huge SI values were obtained for many of the compounds. In particular 1c, 2f, 3c and 3g which have average SI values of >76, >38, 124 and 341, respectively, are clearly lead molecules affording direction for amplification of this area of study. A lead compound 1c caused internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3 in HL-60 cells but not in HSC-2 carcinomas. In a short-term toxicity study, doses up to and including 300 mg/kg of the majority of the compounds prepared in this study did not cause any mortalities to mice. Some guidelines for development of these tumor-selective cytotoxins are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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