Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Carrying MicroRNA-181c-5p Promote BMP2-Induced Repair of Cartilage Injury through Inhibition of SMAD7 Expression

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Engineered-extracellular vesicles as an optimistic tool for microRNA delivery for osteoarthritis treatment

Abazar Esmaeili et al.

Summary: Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease that can be treated by regulating gene expression using microRNAs. Engineering extracellular vesicles could be an efficient treatment method for delivering microRNAs to save cartilage tissue.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

The tissue origin effect of extracellular vesicles on cartilage and bone regeneration

Qi Li et al.

Summary: Extracelluar vesicles (EVs) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different tissue origins have varying effects on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, with EVs from adipose-derived MSCs showing the highest efficiency. Proteomics analysis revealed potential mechanisms underlying this difference.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

BMP2-dependent gene regulatory network analysis reveals Klf4 as a novel transcription factor of osteoblast differentiation

Shuaitong Yu et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively investigated the BMP2-dependent gene regulatory network governing osteoblast differentiation, identifying KLF4 as a novel transcription factor with important roles in the process. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying osteoblast differentiation.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Silencing Smad7 potentiates BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation and inhibits endochondral ossification in human synovial-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

Pengcheng Xiao et al.

Summary: In this study, downregulating Smad7 and applying a cellular scaffold was found to enhance BMP2-induced chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSCs and inhibit endochondral ossification. By inhibiting the expression of Smad7 in BMP2-induced hSMSC differentiation, it may offer a new strategy for cartilage tissue-engineering.

STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Chitosan oligosaccharides packaged into rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles facilitating cartilage injury repair and alleviating osteoarthritis

Shenglong Li et al.

Summary: The study revealed that extracellular vesicles-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugates could reverse the damage induced by IL-1 beta in chondrocytes, facilitating cartilage injury repair through modulation of multiple signaling pathways.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Extracellular vesicles from GPNMB-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model

Ba Huang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that GPNMB-EVs significantly promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, attenuated osteoporosis by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed remarkable improvement in trabecular bone regeneration in the OVX-induced rat model of OP.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles prevent the development of osteoarthritis via the circHIPK3/miR-124-3p/MYH9 axis

Shenglong Li et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that MSCs-EVs play a crucial role in promoting cartilage regeneration and could potentially be used in the development of osteoarthritis treatment. They were found to enhance chondrocyte proliferation and migration while inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis through the miR-124-3p/MYH9 axis. This offers a new cell-free therapy approach for OA.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Molecular Mechanisms of Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation

Hui Chen et al.

Summary: Cartilage is a connective tissue essential for joint movement and pressure buffering, but lacks self-recovery ability. Repair of cartilage injury involves stimulating chondrocyte proliferation and ECM synthesis. Cartilage homeostasis regulation and cellular signaling transduction are complex processes with potential implications for cartilage injury treatment.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Dynamic loading enhances chondrogenesis of human chondrocytes within a biodegradable resilient hydrogel

Mingsheng Xie et al.

Summary: A newly developed resilient hydrogel for cartilage regeneration was found to be biodegradable and capable of withstanding compressive loads. Human chondrocytes seeded in the hydrogel maintained high viability and underwent robust chondrogenesis upon stimulation, with dynamic compressive loading further promoting cartilage matrix formation. Proteins such as p-Erk, p38 kinases, YAP, RhoA, PIEZO1, and TRPV4 were identified to play key roles in mediating chondrocyte response to dynamic loading.

BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology