Journal
BIOMETRIKA
Volume 101, Issue 1, Pages 175-188Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/biomet/ast054
Keywords
Drop-out; Fixed-effects logistic regression; Longitudinal data; Maximum conditional likelihood; Missing data; Panel data
Funding
- Fulbright Foundation
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We consider estimation of mixed-effects logistic regression models for longitudinal data when missing outcomes are not missing at random. A typology of missingness mechanisms is presented that includes missingness dependent on observed or missing current outcomes, observed or missing lagged outcomes and subject-specific effects. When data are not missing at random, consistent estimation by maximum marginal likelihood generally requires correct parametric modelling of the missingness mechanism, which hinges on unverifiable assumptions. We show that standard maximum conditional likelihood estimators are protective in the sense that they are consistent for monotone or intermittent missing data under a wide range of missingness mechanisms. Our approach requires neither specification of parametric models for the missingness mechanism nor refreshment samples and is straightforward to implement in standard software.
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