Journal
BIOMETRIKA
Volume 98, Issue 1, Pages 35-48Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/biomet/asq067
Keywords
Cox process; Gaussian process; Joint model; Point pattern; Posterior consistency; Preferential sampling
Funding
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health
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We consider geostatistical models that allow the locations at which data are collected to be informative about the outcomes. A Bayesian approach is proposed, which models the locations using a log Gaussian Cox process, while modelling the outcomes conditionally on the locations as Gaussian with a Gaussian process spatial random effect and adjustment for the location intensity process. We prove posterior propriety under an improper prior on the parameter controlling the degree of informative sampling, demonstrating that the data are informative. In addition, we show that the density of the locations and mean function of the outcome process can be estimated consistently under mild assumptions. The methods show significant evidence of informative sampling when applied to ozone data over Eastern U.S.A.
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