Journal
FEBS LETTERS
Volume 465, Issue 2-3, Pages 93-97Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01735-4
Keywords
tumor necrosis factor-alpha; nitric oxide; nuclear factor kappa B; macrophage; procyanidin
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Flavonoids are potent antioxidants and have been associated with lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effect of flavonoids (monomers, dimers and a trimer) as well as French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol, on NO production, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activity was compared. Monomers and dimers repressed NO production, TNF-alpha secretion and NF-kappa B-dependent gene expression induced by interferon gamma, whereas the trimeric procyanidin C2 and Pycnogenol enhanced these parameters, In addition, in unstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, both procyanidin C2 and Pycnogenol increased TNF-alpha secretion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that procyanidins act as modulators of the immune response in macrophages. (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
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