Proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family members induce cytochrome c release, but not mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and do not directly modulate voltage-dependent anion channel activity

Through direct interaction with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as Bax and Bak induce apoptogenic mitochondrial cytochrome c release and membrane potential (Delta phi) loss in isolated mitochondria. Using isolated mitochondria, we showed that Bid and Bik, BH3-only proteins from the Bcl-2 family, induced cytochrome c release but not Delta phi loss. Unlike Bax/Bak, the cytochrome c release induced by Bid/Bik was Ca2+-independent, cyclosporin A-insensitive, and respiration-independent. Furthermore, in contrast to Bax/Bak, Bid/Bik neither interacted with VDAC nor directly affected the VDAC activity in liposomes, Consistently, Bid/Bik induced apoptosis without Delta phi loss, whereas Bax induced apoptosis with Delta phi loss. These findings indicated the involvement of a different mechanism in BH3-only, protein-induced apoptogenic cytochrome c release.